Анотації 

Отару Еллен Пітер. Міждержавні конфлікти в Африці на південь від Сахари в середині 70-х - на початку 90-х років (типологія і шляхи врегулювання) - Рукопис.

   Дисертація присвячена дослідженню міждержавних конфліктів в Африці на південь від Сахари. Проаналізовано причини їх виникнення, визначено типологію політичних конфліктів. У дисертації прослідковано результати колоніального розподілу Африки і виявлено приховані причини виникнення як внутрішніх, так і міжнародних конфліктів, проведений порівняльний аналіз африканської конфліктогенності в умовах існування біполярной системи і після її ролзпаду. Показана роль міжнародних і африканських регіональних і субрегіональних організацій і інститутів у врегулюванні міждержавних конфліктів в Африці на південь від Сахари. Проведений аналіз діяльності Організації африканської єдності та формування механізмів її взаємодії з ООН у справі врегулювання міждержавних конфліктів в Африці на південь від Сахари, приводяться приклади перших позитивних результатів взаємодії механізму ООН і ОАЄ в нормалізації ситуації в субрегіоні.
   Ключові слова: політичний конфлікт, Африка на південь від Сахари, ОАЄ, ООН, міждержавний конфлікт, міжетнічний конфлікт, деколоніалізація, ідеологія, демократія, субрегіон.

Отару Эллен Питер. Межгосударственные конфликты в Африке южнее Сахары середины 70-х - начало 90-х годов (типология и пути урегулирования) - Рукопись.

   Диссертация посвящена исследованию межгосударственных конфликтов в Африке южнее Сахары. Проанализированы причины возникновения конфликтов, определена типология политических конфликтов. В диссиртации отслежены результаты колониального раздела Африки и определены скрытые причины возникновения как внутренних, так и международных конфликтов, проведен сравнительный анализ африканской конфликтогенности в условиях существования биполярной системы и после ее распада. Показана роль международных и африканских региональных и субрегиональных организаций и институтов в урегулировании межгосударственных конфликтов в Африке южнее Сахары. Проведен анализ деятельности Организации африканского единства и формирование механизмов ее взаемодействия с ООН в деле урегулирования межгосударственных конфликтов в Африке южнее Сахары, приводятся примеры первых положительных результатов взаимодействия механизма ООН и ОАЕ в нормализации ситуации в субрегионе.
   Ключевые слова: политический конфликт, Африка южнее Сахары, ОАЕ, ООН, межгосударственный конфикт, межэтнический конфликт, деколонизация, идеология, демократия, субрегион.

OTARU Ellen Peter .Interstate conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in mid-70’s till early 90’s. (Their types and ways of resolution). - Manuscript.

The dissertation for receiving the scientific degree of Ph.d in political sciences in speciality 23.00.04 - International Relations. - Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University Institute of International Relations, 1999.

   The dissertation is devoted to the research of the interstate conflicts in Africa south of Sahara - that part of the African continent, which is practically characterized by constant international instability. The basic conceptual approaches of the representatives of various scientific schools towards the definition of meaning of conflicts in modern science are analysed, it includes as well the analysis of it’s meaning in a wider consept which covers not only interstate disputes, but also the whole complex of problems in the international relations in Africa. It has allowed researcher to give his own estimation of the analysed concepts as well as to determine types and structure of the interstate conflicts occuring in sub-Saharan Africa at the mentioned period.
   The author’s explanation of frequent occurance of chronic instability syndrome in the specified region is given on the basis of the analysis of the effect of colonial division of the continent and the rule of the european countries in Africa, the post-colonial development of the African states where by the primary factors are lying in historical, economical, political and national-cultural aspects. Economic situation in Africa south of the Sahara has led that part of the continent to develop constant conflict situations, in which case the previous metropolitan states have played their role and this is underlined in the work. The analysis of the internal conflicts within a state arrising as a result of the colonial division leading to division of tribes and regions as well as the poor ruling of the new free states of the continent due to different reasons is disscused. The author also sees external factor as the major influence on occurrence and evolution of the interstate conflicts in Africa as a whole, and in the south of Sahara subregion in particular. In the dissertation the comparative analysis of African constant state of conflict in the conditions of previously existing bipolar system and the world system after its disintegration is carried out.
   The work of good office, their methods and aspects are disscused ind the dissertation.
   The separate countries in African subregion, as well as the presidents of some countries, are active in this role and more often are being invited to act as the intermediate and arbiter.
   The role of the international organisation, as well as African regional and subregional organizations and institutions involved in settlement of the interstate conflicts in Africa south of Sahara is shown in the thesis. The concrete actions of Organization of the African Unity being directed towards the development of the prevention mechanisms, stopping the spread of, and settlement of the interstate conflicts in subregion are analysed in particular. The importance of aspiration of this main regional organization towards economic integration and political dialogue as major precondition of achievement of the world and stability on the African continent as a whole is emphasized. At the same time, in the research there is a mention of a number of the critical remarks in address of OAU, and it is directly underlined, that by virtue of the certain reasons it has failed to develop the precise mechanism of working out of the concrete decisions in solving frequently arising critical situations on the continent. Naturally, this had it’s effect on settlement of arising conflict situations in the international relations in the mentioned subregion.
   However, despite of the lack of activity of OAU on settlement of crisis situations in subregion, this organization is so far the only regional force, which has managed to unite various ideological, cultural and racial groups existing on continent. Enriched in the long run by diplomatic knowledge and experience, and having supplied itself as well with the necessary technical and financial opportunities, OAU, undoubtedly, can in future resolve more effectively conflict situations arising constantly in the subregion. Though it is not existing such a long period OAU has brought the important contribution to restoration of peace in the relations between some countries of the subregion. It is elaborated in the dissertation some examples of African countries in the sub-Sahara region involved in military actions.
   In the research are given some of the main obstacles that are standing on the way of propositions of different ways of solving the conflicts, which in turn would stimulate the development of the regional cooperation.
   The important place in the dissertation is allocated to the analysis of formation of the mechanism of interaction of the main international organizations with regional and subregional organizations and institutions in their practical application of solving the conflict situations in Africa to the south of Sahara. Although the use of UN military force is practised not so frequently in settling of the armed disputes between the states of the world, in 1993 it applied for the first time this method in Africa during operation on restoration of pease in Congo . In the dissertation the examples of the first positive results of interaction of the mechanism of UN and OAU in normalization of a conflict situation in the subregion are given. The mechanism of interaction of UN and OAU in settlement of crisis situations in considered subregion will become more effective and will have a positive results if UN will give more attention to the African problems and will assist in formation of stable democratic institutes in the majority of the African countries.
   Key words: political conflict, sub-Saharan Africa, OAU, UN, interstate conflict, ethnic conflict, decolonization, ideology, democracy, subregion.

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Міждержавні конфлікти в Африці на південь від Сахари в середині 70-х - на початку 90-х років (типологія і шляхи врегулювання)